Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by chronic elevation of glucose in the blood. It arises because the body is unable to produce enough insulin for its own needs, either because of impaired insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both.
Diabetes affects some 300 million people world-wide, and is on the increase. Chronic exposure to high blood glucose is a leading cause of renal failure, visual loss and a range of other types of tissue damage. Diabetes also predisposes to arterial disease, not least because it is often accompanied by hypertension, lipid disorders and obesity. Many cases of diabetes and almost all of its unwanted long-term consequences are potentially avoidable, but this will require intervention at a societal as well as at a medical level. This section of Diapedia offers an introduction to the history of diabetes, its clinical presentation, its current classification and its global epidemiology. We also introduce some of the psychological and societal aspects of diabetes, including the 'hot topics' that dominate the media, and offer an overview of current areas of research interest. All these topics are considered in greater detail elsewhere in Diapedia, and we hope you will explore them further.
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